Frank Carlson Library

Pierre–Auguste Renoir (Limoges, 1841 – Cagnes-Sur-Mer, 1919) Pierre-Auguste Renoir naquit le 25 février 1841 à Limoges. En 1854, ses parents retirèrent l'enfant de l'école et le placèrent dans l'atelier des frères Lévy afin qu'il apprenne la peinture sur porcelaine. Son frère cadet, Edmond Renoir,racontait : «De ce qu'il usait des bouts de charbon sur les murs, on en conclut qu'il aurait du goût pour une profession artistique. Nos parents...

Lautrec studied with two of the most admired academic painters of the day, Léon Bonnat and Fernand Cormon. Lautrec's time in the studios of Bonnat and Cormon had the advantage of introducing him to the nude as a subject. At that time life-drawing of the nude was the basis of all academic art training in nineteenth-century Paris. While still a student, Lautrec began to explore Parisian nightlife, which was to provide him with his greatest inspiration,...

Born at the dawn of the 20th century, Fauvism burst onto the artistic scene at the 1905 Salon d'Automne with great controversy by throwing bright, vibrant colours in the face of artistic convention. Fuelled by change, artists like Matisse, Derain, and Vlaminck searched for a new chromatic language by using colour out of its habitual context. Freed from the strict technique advocated by the École des Beaux-Arts, they used blocky colours as their main...

Poco antes de su muerte, Claude Monet escribió: "Todavía lamento el haber sido la causa del nombre que se le dio a este grupo, ya que la mayoría de los artistas no eran impresionistas en absoluto". Comenzando con esta paradoja, la de un conjunto de artistas que se consideraban a sí mismos como un grupo coherente al mismo tiempo que declaraban que su objetivo final era reafirmar la individualidad artística, la autora, Nathalia Brodskaya, explora...

"I paint what I see and not what it pleases others to see." What other words than these of Édouard Manet, seemingly so different from the sentiments of Monet or Renoir, could best define the Impressionist movement? Without a doubt, this singularity was explained when, shortly before his death, Claude Monet wrote: "I remain sorry to have been the cause of the name given to a group the majority of which did not have anything Impressionist." In this...

Paul Cézanne (Aix-en-Provence, 1839 – 1906) Depuis sa mort il y a deux siècles, Cézanne est devenu le peintre le plus célèbre du XIXe siècle. Il naquit à Aix-en-Provence en 1839, et la plus belle période de sa vie fut sa prime jeunesse en Provence, qu'il passa en compagnie de Zola, également d'origine italienne. Suivant l'exemple de ce dernier, Cézanne partit pour Paris à l'âge de 21 ans. Il fut déserteur pendant la guerre franco-prussienne,...

Paul Gauguin was first a sailor, then a successful stockbroker in Paris. In 1874 he began to paint at weekends as a Sunday painter. Nine years later, after a stock-market crash, he felt confident of his ability to earn a living for his family by painting and he resigned his position and took up the painter's brush full time. Following the lead of Cézanne, Gauguin painted still-lifes from the very beginning of his artistic career. He even owned a...

Whilst Impressionism marked the first steps toward modern painting by revolutionizing an artistic medium stifled by academic conventions, Post-Impressionism, even more revolutionary, completely liberated color and opened it to new, unknown horizons. Anchored in his epoch, relying on the new chromatic studies of Michel Eugène Chevreul, Georges Seurat transcribed the chemist's theory of colors into tiny points that created an entire image. With his...

Le Douanier Rousseau (Henri Rousseau), (Laval, 1844 – Paris, 1910). Les galeries marchandes à Paris fleurissant, on créa en 1884, le Salon des Indépendants. Cette exposition sans jury fut organisée pour ceux qui étaient ou se considéraient professionnels - alors très nombreux -, mais qui ne pouvaient satisfaire les critères des salons officiels. C'est lors d'un des Salons des Indépendants qu' Henri Rousseau créa la surprise. Rousseau occupait...

Para Claude Monet, el que se le considerara "impresionista" fue siempre un motivo de orgullo. A pesar de todas las críticas que se han hecho a su trabajo, siguió siendo un verdadero impresionista hasta el final de su muy larga vida. Lo era por convicción profunda y, por el impresionismo, pudo haber sacrificado muchas otras oportunidades que su inmenso talento le ofrecía. Monet no pintaba composiciones clásicas con figuras y nunca fue retratista,...