The ancient fortresses of Babylon, Mesopotamia, Assyria, Asia Minor and Greece

Fortifications of Greece and Rome, 300 B.C. To 200 B.C.

Fortifications of the Levant, Rome, and Western Europe, 200 B.C. to 30 B.C.

Fortifications of the Roman Empire

Byzantine fortifications from the fifth to the tenth century

Fortifications of Western Europe from the fifth to the eleventh century

Rectangular keeps or donjons

Byzantine and Saracen fortifications of the twelfth century

Transitional keeps of the twelfth century

Fortifications and buildings of the bailey in the eleventh and twelfth centuries

Castles from about 1190 to 1270

Siege engines and siege operations of the Middle Ages

Edwardian and contemporary castles

Towns, fortified bridges, and towers

Gatehouses and defences of the curtain during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries

Development of the tower-house

Sixteenth-century forts.